My later study of the French Revolution reveals that he did not shoot himself but was shot by someone else. The part about his jaw being shot off is true. The actual execution was cruel because the executioner rapped a rag around his head to reattach his jaw and Roberpierre died in agony. Note the line of carts behind Robespierre containing about a dozen others on their way to the Guillotine.
It appears the headless bodies were thrown off the scaffold to collect on the ground until carts had been emptied into the Guillotine. Then, I suppose the bodies were piled into the carts and hauled off to be buried in mass graves.
I think I found a lot of balderdash and convoluted nonsense without any clear answer to that question. Bastille Day, July 14, is still celebrated every year in France. Members of the nobility fled the country and the National Assembly abolished feudalism, taxes, and obedience to royal authority. An uprising against the revolution in the Vendee region cost the lives of tens of thousands.
Last queen of France before the fall of the monarchy, Marie Antoinette was executed by guillotine, some nine months after her husband met the same fate. While Robespierre, a leader of the Jacobin Party, led the Committee, most of the people that were publicly executed had their heads chopped off by the guillotine.
The levee en masse was instituted, placing virtually every male citizen in the army to defeat the coalitions of their enemies. The Reign of Terror extended to the Roman Catholic Church, the largest land-owner in France and financed by the tithe; priests, monks and bishops were forced to join the revolution or be executed. The new government renamed the months of the year to show their break with the past and to mark the beginning of a new humanist state, guided by reason and extended by war and terror.
In the end, he went to the guillotine also, after being shot through the jaw the day before in a failed suicide attempt. The Fall of Robespierre in the Convention on 27 July depicts a wounded Robespierre falling to the convention floor.
Under his leadership, the committee came to exercise virtual dictatorial control over the French government. Faced with the threat of civil war and foreign invasion, the Revolutionary government inaugurated the Reign of Terror in September. In less than a year, , suspected enemies of the Revolution were arrested; at least 10, died in prison, and 17, were officially executed, many by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution.
In the orgy of bloodshed, Robespierre succeeded in purging many of his political opponents. On June 4, , Robespierre was almost unanimously elected president of the National Convention. In just a month, 1, enemies of the Revolution were guillotined. The Terror was being escalated just when foreign invasion no longer threatened the republic, and an awkward coalition of the right and the left formed to oppose Robespierre and his followers.
On July 27, 9 Thermidor in the Revolutionary calendar , Robespierre and his allies were placed under arrest by the National Assembly. Robespierre was taken to the Luxembourg prison in Paris, but the warden refused to jail him, and he fled to the Hotel de Ville. Armed supporters arrived to aid him, but he refused to lead a new insurrection.
When he received word that the National Convention had declared him an outlaw, he shot himself in the head but only succeeded in wounding his jaw. Shortly thereafter, troops of the National Convention attacked the Hotel de Ville and seized Robespierre and his allies. The next evening—July 28—Robespierre and 21 others were guillotined without a trial in the Place de la Revolution.
During the next few days, another 82 Robespierre followers were executed. The Reign of Terror was at an end.
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